← LandscapeChina (/topics/china-robotics-supply-chain)United States (/topics/us-robotics-supply-chain)Europe (/topics/europe-robotics-supply-chain)Japan (/topics/japan-robotics-supply-chain)South Korea (/topics/korea-robotics-supply-chain)Updated 10 Oct 2026China’s humanoid supply chain China combines large humanoid production volumes with domestic motor, reducer, hand and sensor suppliers. Unitree reported about 18,000 cumulative bipedal humanoids in August 2026, AgiBot reached 20,000 robots in September, and component suppliers report growing orders and high utilisation. Precision manufacturing equipment and downstream magnet processing shape the supply chain. Robot production & industrialisation Chinese vendors accounted for more than 90% of global humanoid production in 2025. The five largest producers were all Chinese and together accounted for about 70%. Sources The top-five producers are included in the Chinese-vendor total. Interact Analysis estimates units produced, grouped by vendor origin. Interact Analysis · Humanoid Robots 2026 (https://interact-analysis.prezly.com/humanoid-robot-production-surges-tenfold-in-2025-but-commercial-deployments-remain-limited) · 2026-06-11Research estimate AgiBot reaches 20,000 robots produced AgiBot reached 20,000 cumulative robots produced in September 2026. Its 20,000th unit was delivered to Chimelong on 24 September. Separately, the company cited IDC estimates of more than 8,600 humanoids shipped in H1 2026, approximately 35% of global shipments. Sources Company-reported cumulative production; H1 shipments and share are IDC estimates cited by AgiBot. AgiBot · production milestone and IDC shipment data (https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/125.html) · 2026-09-30Company announcement or operating disclosure AgiBot · Chimelong launch release (https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20260924ae55970/) · 2026-09-24Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → Unitree reaches about 18,000 bipedal humanoids produced Unitree reported approximately 18,000 bipedal humanoid robots produced cumulatively by 12 August 2026. The count covers bionic bipedal models across its humanoid range. Sources Company-reported production; the announcement excludes wheeled platforms and other humanoid formats. Unitree · cumulative production announcement (https://x.com/UnitreeRobotics/status/2087475885658210719) · 2026-08-12Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → UBTECH commissions its Liuzhou factory UBTECH’s Liuzhou humanoid factory entered production on 12 September 2026, with planned annual capacity above 10,000 robots. Separately, UBTECH reported 921 full-size humanoid units sold in H1 2026 across a portfolio including wheeled and bipedal models. Sources September factory commissioning and planned capacity; H1 portfolio unit sales. Sina Finance · Liuzhou factory opening (https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/hkstock/marketalerts/2026-09-14/doc-iniruhxh4728760.shtml) · 2026-09-14Company announcement reported by Sina Finance; interim filing UBTECH · 2026 interim report, p. 12 (https://owebsite-cdn.ubtrobot.com/resources/file/2026/09/02/844614814105669.pdf#page=12) · 2026-09-02Company announcement reported by Sina Finance; interim filing Company & events → XPENG commissions automated IRON production lines XPENG commissioned its IRON humanoid production lines in September 2026, reporting automation of more than 80% of core processes. The company is transferring automotive manufacturing methods into robot assembly and completed the first robot from the new lines. Sources The announcement gives no annual capacity or cumulative production figure. XPENG · IRON production-line commissioning (https://www.xpeng.com/au/news/01a0c826ab12a0c365408a028229001e) · 2026-09-08Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → EngineAI starts T800 production in Shenzhen and Zhengzhou The first Henan-built T800 batch came off EngineAI’s Zhengzhou line on 24 July 2026. Its Honghualing plant in Shenzhen opened in May with 12,000 m² of manufacturing space and a reported line cadence of one robot every 15 minutes. Sources July first-batch milestone in Zhengzhou; May facility area and line cadence in Shenzhen. Dingduan News · first Zhengzhou T800 batch (https://m.sohu.com/a/1054225575_121375869) · 2026-07-24Local production report and company announcement EngineAI · Shenzhen manufacturing base (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/engineai-launches-shenzhen-intelligent-manufacturing-base-as-first-batch-of-t800-humanoid-robots-roll-off-the-production-line-to-begin-mass-delivery-302785446.html) · 2026-05-29Local production report and company announcement Company & events → Leju and Dongfang Precision open a 10,000-unit-scale line Leju and Dongfang Precision opened their Guangdong humanoid line on 29 March 2026. Dongfang reports annual capacity above 10,000 robots and a cadence of one robot every 30 minutes. The flexible line supports mixed-model assembly, with 24 assembly processes, 77 inspection checks and 41 final test conditions. Sources Company-stated annual line capacity and cadence at the March opening. Dongfang Precision · production-line opening (https://www.df-global.cn/news/49) · 2026-03-31Company operating announcement Company & events → CATL supplies batteries and operates Galbot S1 Galbot S1 entered CATL’s module and battery-pack production lines for material handling and picking. CATL supplies the robot’s batteries and is extending its NING service network to robot maintenance. The June agreement connects battery supply, factory use and aftermarket support. Sources Customer-disclosed production-line use and battery supply. CATL · Galbot strategic cooperation (https://www.catl.com/en/news/6881.html) · 2026-06-24Company operating announcement Company & events → Hesai reports LiDAR orders from Galaxea Hesai named Galaxea, Galbot and Unitree among robotics customers generating new LiDAR orders in Q2 2026. Its JT128 collaborations span more than 50 embodied-AI companies, connecting several Chinese robot manufacturers to the same perception supplier. Sources Supplier-reported orders and programme coverage; customer-level quantities are undisclosed. Hesai · Q2 2026 financial results (https://investor.hesaitech.com/news-releases/news-release-details/hesai-group-reports-second-quarter-2026-unaudited-financial) · 2026-08-18Company operating announcement Company & events → Dobot begins third-batch ATOM deliveries Dobot began production and delivery of its third batch of full-size industrial ATOM humanoids in February 2026. Sources Third-batch production and delivery announcement; batch quantity undisclosed. Gasgoo · third ATOM production batch (https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/dobot-starts-mass-production-and-delivery-of-third-batch-of-full-size-industrial-humanoid-robots-2019046998173188097) · 2026-02-04Company production announcement reported by Gasgoo Company & events → MagicLab partners with LY iTECH on robot manufacturing MagicLab and Lingyi Robotics, LY iTECH’s robotics subsidiary, agreed to cooperate on robot manufacturing, production-line expansion and overseas growth. The agreement links MagicLab’s robot programmes with a precision manufacturer supplying components and complete-robot assembly. Sources Announced manufacturing cooperation; contracted unit volume undisclosed. Gasgoo · LY iTECH and MagicLab agreement (https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/ly-itech-partners-with-magiclab-to-accelerate-in-embodied-intelligence-sector-2018289591482470400) · 2026-02-02Manufacturing agreement reported by Gasgoo Company & events → Booster reports more than 700 robots shipped Booster reported more than 700 humanoid robots shipped by October 2025, serving over 200 customers in more than 20 countries. Its customer base included more than 70 universities and research institutions, alongside the launch of the smaller K1 platform. Sources Company-reported cumulative shipments as of October 2025. Booster Robotics · K1 launch and shipment update (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/booster-robotics-unveils-booster-k1-ushering-in-the-era-of-embodied-agents-302599614.html) · 2025-10-30Company operating announcement Company & events → Luxshare reports robot deliveries above 10,000 a year Luxshare reported a delivery scale above 10,000 robots a year across its contract manufacturing, joint development and original-design programmes. The figure covers its robotics business without a humanoid-only breakdown. Its separate plan to introduce robots into its own factories targets a 10,000-unit scale over the following two to three years. Sources The briefing reports an annual delivery scale, without a calendar-year shipment total or robot-format split. The internal deployment target is separate from deliveries. No named customer or supplier edge is established. Luxshare · investor briefing, PDF p. 8 (https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-27/1225515737.PDF#page=8) · 2026-08-27Listed-company investor briefing Company & events → Companies by role Robot production AgiBot (#company-agibot) Unitree (#company-unitree-robotics) XPENG (#company-xpeng-robotics) UBTECH (#company-ubtech-robotics) EngineAI (#company-engineai) Leju (#company-leju-robotics) Industrial & research platforms Galbot (#company-galbot) Galaxea (#company-galaxea_dynamics) Dobot (#company-dobot) MagicLab (#company-magiclab) Booster (#company-booster-robotics) Motors & actuation Leadshine (#company-leadshine-technology) Tuopu (#company-tuopu-group) Precision gearing Laifual (#company-zhejiang-laifual-drive) Leaderdrive (#evidence-harmonic-reducers) Hands & sensing Inspire Robots (#evidence-dexterous-hands) Blue Point Touch (#evidence-force-torque-sensors) Kunwei (#evidence-force-torque-sensors) Contract assembly LY iTECH (#company-lingyi-itech) Luxshare (#company-luxshare-ict) More robot programmes Fourier (/ecosystem/company/fourier) LimX Dynamics (/ecosystem/company/limx-dynamics) Kepler (/ecosystem/company/kepler-robotics) Component production & orders LY iTECH adds contract-assembly scale LY iTECH records assembly of more than 5,000 humanoid (embodied) robots in its 2025 company history. Its robotics business combines precision components, modules and complete-robot assembly for other manufacturers. Sources Assembly total reported under 2025 in the company history, checked 10 October 2026. LY iTECH · company history, 2025 (https://www.lingyiitech.com/en/CompanyIntroduction/index.html)Company history Component details → Leadshine motor shipments and orders Leadshine reports more than 120,000 frameless torque motors shipped in 2025. In July 2026, its frameless-motor order book exceeded one million units. The 2025 shipment count covers applications across its business. Sources Leadshine reports the order total in an update on humanoid demand. It gives no corresponding delivery volume. Leadshine · CCTV Finance update (https://www.leadshine.com/newsEvent/details/leadshine-gains-spotlight-on-cctv-finance-as-humanoid-robotics-demand-accelerates.html) · 2026-07-30Company-reported Leadshine · Automate 2026 update (https://www.leadshine.com/newsEvent/details/automate-2026-concludes-successfully-%7C-leadshine-drives-global-industrial-automation-and-humanoid-robotics-innovation-with-core-motion-control-technologies.html) · 2026-07-01Company-reported Component details → Laifual capacity utilisation Laifual produced 256,900 harmonic reducers against designed capacity of 270,000 in H1 2026. Designed monthly capacity reached 64,800 units in July. H1 utilisation was 95.1%, across the company’s end markets. Sources The H1 output and designed-capacity figures cover the same six-month period. July capacity is a monthly rate, not achieved output. Humanoid-only production is not disclosed. Laifual · 2026 Interim Report, pp. 8–9 (https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0928/2026092800612.pdf#page=9) · 2026-09-28Company filing Component details → Tuopu starts small-batch actuator and hand-motor deliveries Tuopu reported small-batch delivery of linear actuators, rotary actuators and dexterous-hand motors in H1 2026. Robot-actuator revenue reached RMB14.05 million, up 83.43% year on year. Structural parts, foot dampers and electronic flexible skin were being prepared for production. Phase one of Tuopu’s robot-component industrial base was largely complete at H1 2026. Sources Small-batch deliveries are reported for actuators and hand motors; the other product lines remain in production preparation. Tuopu · H1 2026 report (https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-09-10/1225555878.PDF) · 2026-09-10Company interim report Tuopu · H1 2026 revenue table, p. 8 (https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-28/1225521853.PDF#page=8) · 2026-08-28Company interim report Component details → Changying Precision humanoid component deliveries Changying Precision reported more than 1.1 million humanoid precision components delivered in January-August 2026, following approximately 860,000 in H1. On 8 October it described faster Q3/Q4 order growth than H1 and expansion in response to customer demand. Sources H1 is included in the January-August total. The October investor response describes Q3/Q4 orders; the delivery total covers January-August. Financial media reported the October response, and the H1 baseline appears in the company filing. Eastmoney · 8 October investor-response report (https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202610083889951222.html) · 2026-10-08Reported company disclosure Changying Precision · H1 2026 report summary (https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-27/1225512364.PDF) · 2026-08-27Company filing Component details → Component sourcing and cost Actuation accounts for roughly half of humanoid hardware cost in published industry assessments. It includes motors, transmissions, joint assemblies and integrated sensing and drive electronics. Sources McKinsey reports the 40–60% range. Schaeffler provides a supplier assessment; Interact Analysis distinguishes configurations; BofA’s 51% is a 2030 hardware BOM forecast. McKinsey · humanoid supply-chain analysis (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/industrials/our-insights/turning-humanoid-supply-chain-constraints-into-billion-dollar-wins) · 2026-04-17Industry cost-share assessment40–60% of BOM for actuation. Hand components generally sit within actuation and sensing; separately procured hand subsystems are distinguished. Schaeffler · Humanoids presentation, pp. 11–12 (https://www.schaeffler.com/remotemedien/media/_shared_media_rwd/08_investor_relations/presentations/20260205_humanoids_at_schaeffler.pdf#page=12) · 2026-02Supplier cost-share assessmentApproximately 50% for rotary and linear actuators. Robot configuration and production-volume basis: unspecified. Interact Analysis · joint-actuator research (https://interactanalysis.com/insight/joint-actuators-the-fundamental-component-for-humanoid-robots-power-and-dexterity/) · 2025-06Configuration-specific research assessmentJoint actuators exceed 30% of BOM in high-configuration robots with dexterous hands and advanced sensors; some basic versions exceed 50%. The estimates cover different robot configurations. Bank of America Institute · Physical AI, part 2, p. 5 (https://institute.bankofamerica.com/content/dam/transformation/physical-ai-part-2.pdf#page=5) · 2026-03-12BofA Global Research · 2030 forecastProjected 2030 BOM: linear actuators 27% plus rotary actuators 24%, totalling 51%. Dexterous hands are a separate 19% category. Where the supply chain is concentrated ComponentWhat the evidence showsScopePrecision gearing (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=harmonic-reducers) The five largest suppliers accounted for 75.8% of harmonic reducer shipments for robots in China in 2025, according to CIC research in Laifual’s prospectus. 2025 shipments · China robotics Sources Laifual commissioned the industry research for its IPO. The top-five aggregate is reported directly in the prospectus; individually rounded shares may sum differently. Laifual · IPO prospectus, pp. 74–75 (https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0622/2026062200047.pdf#page=83) · 2026-06-22Commissioned research · CIC Explore precision gearing →China’s robot harmonic-reducer shipments, including industrial robots and humanoids. Force / torque sensing (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=force-torque-sensors) China Electronics News and CCID report that the top three suppliers held 92.8% of China’s humanoid six-axis force/torque sensor market in 2025. 2025 market · China Sources The report summary puts Blue Point above 80% of China’s humanoid six-axis sensor market. China Electronics News / CCID · report release (https://finance.sina.com.cn/wm/2026-08-31/doc-iniqepet7951089.shtml) · 2026-08-31Report publisher release · republished by Sina Explore force / torque sensing →China’s humanoid six-axis sensor market. Revenue-versus-unit measurement basis: unspecified. Dexterous hands (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=dexterous-hands) Smart Analytics Global estimates that Chinese suppliers accounted for 96% of global dexterous-hand shipments in H1 2026, with Western suppliers at 4%. H1 2026 shipments Sources SAG’s September 2026 report is subscription-only. The linked coverage reports the 96%/4% split and six-active-DoF threshold. Smart Analytics Global · original research (https://smartanalyticsglobal.com/research/sag-humanoid-robot-dexterous-hands-supply-chain-intelligence-september-2026-edition/) · 2026-09-18Original report · subscription required Scarlett Evans · TechTarget coverage (https://www.techtarget.com/ai/news/366651232/China-leads-dexterous-hand-supply-for-humanoids) · 2026-09-24Secondary reporting · public figures Explore dexterous hands →SAG shipment estimate for hands with at least six active degrees of freedom; share is grouped by supplier origin. Motor magnets (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors) Planned mining growth outside China outpaces the facilities needed to turn that material into magnets. The IEA identifies conversion of refined oxides into metals and magnet manufacture as the main bottlenecks. Outside China · existing and announced projects for 2035 Sources The assessment includes existing capacity and projects announced by early 2026, assuming completion. It measures tonnes of contained neodymium, praseodymium, terbium and dysprosium at each processing stage across end uses. IEA · Rare Earth Elements (https://www.iea.org/reports/rare-earth-elements/executive-summary) · 2026-04-08IEA project-pipeline assessment Explore motor magnets →Tonnes of magnet rare-earth content at each stage in 2035. Motor manufacturers depend on the downstream processing and magnet plants as well as the mines. Production equipment Precision thread grinding sits upstream of roller-screw assembly. China has domestic grinder suppliers, while manufacturers still report constraints on imported high-precision equipment. Imported precision grinders Leaderdrive’s H1 2026 report describes heavy reliance on imported high-precision thread grinders. High equipment prices, long delivery times and export controls put pressure on investment, line construction and product-development schedules. Sources Leaderdrive’s assessment of roller-screw manufacturing. It does not quantify the import share or establish a tooling gap across all Chinese robot components. Leaderdrive · H1 2026 report, p. 10 (https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-27/1225513912.PDF#page=10)KezhixinInternal and external thread grindersInternal-thread grinders finish roller-screw nuts; external-thread machines finish screw shafts and rollers. Shuanglin reported a new Kezhixin factory opening in June 2026, with planned capacity above 40 machines a month. Sources Linear actuators · screw shafts, rollers and nuts Company base · Wuxi, China Shuanglin · Kezhixin subsidiary (https://www.shuanglin.com/news/624834.htm)Thread grinding → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=linear-actuation&route=nut-production&step=threadMachine#industrial-linear-actuation) Concentration rises downstream China’s share of global supply · 20240%50%100%MiningMagnet rare earths60%RefiningMagnet rare earths91%Magnet manufactureSintered permanent magnets94%Each bar measures China’s share of global output at that stage. Mining and refining cover neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium; the final bar covers sintered permanent magnets. Source IEA · Rare Earth Elements, published 8 April 2026. Shares cover global supply across end uses in 2024. IEA · rare-earth supply concentration (https://www.iea.org/reports/rare-earth-elements/executive-summary) Where alternative capacity is developing Precision gearing is manufactured in Massachusetts, rare-earth oxides are separated in Malaysia, and magnet production is expanding in the US and Estonia. Harmonic Drive US capacity expansion Beverly, Massachusetts · precision gearing Harmonic Drive plans a 50% capacity increase at its US subsidiary, which it says is operating at full production. Evidence: 2026-08-17 Sources The August briefing schedules investment around year-end 2026 into early 2027. The 50% expansion target applies to the US subsidiary. Harmonic Drive Systems · Q1 briefing, p. 11 (https://contents.xj-storage.jp/xcontents/AS06879/47a4397d/b34d/4706/b8a9/c39c1541c6f9/20260817130752810s.pdf#page=12) · 2026-08-17Company-reported capacity plan Harmonic Drive LLC · US manufacturing location (https://www.harmonicdrive.net/about-us/us-locations)Manufacturer location page · checked 7 Oct 2026 Explore reducers → Neo expands European magnet manufacturing Narva, Estonia · sintered NdFeB magnets Neo reported first commercial sintered-magnet deliveries from Narva, Estonia, to a Tier 1 EV traction-motor customer in September 2026. Phase 1A has about 2,000 tonnes/year of nameplate capacity; a planned expansion to about 5,000 tonnes/year is in engineering and equipment procurement. Evidence: 2026-09-14 Sources Neo reported discussions with robotics customers and targeted two to three commercial customer programmes by end-2026. The first programme had entered commercial delivery. Neo Performance Materials · commercial production at Narva (https://www.neomaterials.com/neo-advances-commercial-production-magnet-facility/) · 2026-09-14Company production update and capacity plan Explore motor supply → eVAC commercial magnet production Sumter, South Carolina · sintered NdFeB magnets eVAC began commercial magnet production in 2025. Its July 2026 update reports approximately 2,000 metric tonnes/year of nameplate capacity, including sintered magnets for automotive traction motors. Evidence: 2026-07-16 Sources Commercial production began in 2025; the opening ceremony took place in July 2026. The 2,000 metric tonnes/year figure is plant nameplate capacity. VAC · Sumter facility opening (https://vacuumschmelze.com/Newsroom/evac-magnetics-holds-opening-ceremony-for-sumter-south-carolina-rare-earth-magnet-manufacturing-facility-n2902) · 2026-07-16Company production update Explore motor supply → MP Materials expands US magnet manufacturing Fort Worth / Northlake, Texas · NdFeB magnets MP Materials reported further magnet deliveries for customer qualification at its Independence plant. Construction of its 10X campus in Northlake, Texas, was underway. The campus is planned to bring total company magnet capacity to about 10,000 tonnes a year, with commissioning starting in 2028. Evidence: 2026-08-06 Sources The 10,000-tonne figure is planned company-wide capacity for finished NdFeB magnets. Independence remained in customer qualification in the August update. MP Materials · Q2 2026 qualification update (https://www.mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-reports-second-quarter-2026-results) · 2026-08-06Company operating results MP Materials · 10X site and capacity plan (https://mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-selects-northlake-texas-as-the-site-of-10X-a-new-us-rare-earth-magnet-manufacturing-campus/) · 2026-02-26Company investment announcement Explore motor supply → Lynas heavy rare-earth separation Malaysia · separated dysprosium and terbium oxides Lynas reported first commercial production of separated dysprosium oxide in May 2025 and terbium oxide in June 2025 at its Malaysian plant. Evidence: 2025-07-24 Sources Lynas June 2025 quarterly report · first commercial production of separated dysprosium and terbium oxides. Lynas · June 2025 quarterly report (https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20250724/pdf/06m2pt03fvnyv0.pdf) · 2025-07-24Company operating report Explore motor supply → Niron rare-earth-free magnet plant Sartell, Minnesota · iron-nitride magnets Niron marked structural steel raising in September 2026. The company targets operations in 2027 and up to 1,500 tons of magnets annually at full operation. Evidence: 2026-09-10 Sources Niron reports planned full-operation capacity in “tons”, without specifying metric or short tons. Niron Magnetics · Sartell steel-raising update (https://nironmagnetics.com/niron-magnetics-marks-steel-raising-at-sartell-manufacturing-site/) · 2026-09-10Company construction update Explore motor supply → Explore the underlying data Actuator components and suppliersProducts, architectures and manufacturing routes → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators)Humanoid Market FlowDocumented supplier and recipient relationships → (/data/supply-chain-intelligence?lens=market&market=humanoid&coverage=core&evidence=reported)Humanoid production and capacityReported output, capacity and targets by company → (/markets/humanoid-robotics#operations-title)