← LandscapeChina (/topics/china-robotics-supply-chain)United States (/topics/us-robotics-supply-chain)Europe (/topics/europe-robotics-supply-chain)Japan (/topics/japan-robotics-supply-chain)South Korea (/topics/korea-robotics-supply-chain)Updated 12 Oct 2026European humanoid supply chain Schaeffler has disclosed a €350 million order book, Bosch has contracted to build HMND 01, and SECO is developing compute modules for NEURA. AgiBot and Minth have started production in Serbia. German equipment makers GROB, EMAG and NETZSCH supply winding, precision-machining and powder-processing systems. Robot production & industrialisation Robot assembly AgiBot and Minth begin robot production in Serbia AgiBot and Minth launched humanoid robot production at Minth’s Šabac factory in August 2026. The first phase represents €20 million of investment. A planned €200 million robotics park in Inđija forms the next phase; the completed project targets annual capacity of up to 20,000 humanoids and robot dogs combined. Sources Government investment-agency announcement. The 20,000-unit figure is planned annual capacity across humanoids and robot dogs. Development Agency of Serbia · Šabac production launch (https://ras.gov.rs/en/minth-group-launches-europes-first-mass-production-of-humanoid-robots) · 2026-08-29Government investment-agency announcement Company & events → Contract manufacturing Bosch contracts to manufacture Humanoid’s HMND 01 UK-based Humanoid appointed Bosch as contract manufacturing partner for HMND 01 robots for the European market. The agreement covers production and engineering support for manufacturability, reliability, serviceability and cost, following a joint factory proof of concept in March 2026. Sources Manufacturing agreement; annual output, plant allocation and production-start date are not specified. Humanoid · Bosch manufacturing agreement (https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-secures-partnership-with-bosch-following-a-successful-poc/) · 2026-05-21Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → Actuators & factory rollout Hexagon links AEON rollout to Schaeffler actuator supply AEON entered Schaeffler’s German training and validation facility in August 2026, ahead of a planned rollout of at least 1,000 robots across Schaeffler operations. Schaeffler will also supply AEON’s actuators. In June, Hexagon reported AEON performing production tasks at BMW Leipzig while training for further applications. Sources August training milestone and planned fleet; June BMW production-task trials. Hexagon · Schaeffler training and actuator supply (https://robotics.hexagon.com/aeon-trains-at-schaeffler-humanoid-gym/) · 2026-08-19Company operating announcement Hexagon · BMW Leipzig milestone (https://robotics.hexagon.com/new-milestone-with-bmw-group-industrial-humanoid-deployment/) · 2026-06-15Company operating announcement Company & events → Automotive industrialisation Renault takes Calvin from development to factory use Renault and Wandercraft developed Calvin through Paris laboratory work and a recreated Douai wheel workshop at Flins before moving to the factory. Renault’s June roadmap targets around ten robots working by end-2026 and 350 across French and Spanish factories by end-2027. Sources Customer-reported industrial development and deployment targets. Renault Group · Calvin industrial programme (https://www.renaultgroup.com/en/magazine/technology/calvin-a-new-generation-robot-is-born/) · 2026-06-26Customer development and deployment update Company & events → Industrialisation NEURA and Bosch develop industrial production systems NEURA and Robert Bosch Robotics agreed to develop humanoid hardware, software and industrial data collection. Bosch is supporting industrialisation; the partnership also explores component supply, final assembly and motor production. This is a separate development programme from Bosch’s HMND 01 manufacturing contract. Sources Potential component supply, assembly and motor production are areas of exploration. NEURA · Bosch technology and development partnership (https://neura-robotics.com/neura-robotics-bosch-partnership/) · 2026-01-14Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → Development & production NEURA separates Swiss development from German production NEURA placed 4NE1 humanoid development at its Zurich site while retaining robot production in Metzingen, Germany. Its announced Zurich footprint covers 1,800 square metres, with 800 occupied at opening and a further 1,000 planned for 2026. Sources Facility roles announced in December 2025; the additional 2026 space was planned. NEURA · Zurich development site (https://neura-robotics.com/expansion-to-switzerland/) · 2025-12-09Company announcement or operating disclosure Company & events → Companies by role Robot programmes AgiBot × Minth · Serbia (#company-agibot) Humanoid · UK (#company-bosch) NEURA (#company-neura-robotics) Generative Bionics (#company-generative-bionics) Hexagon (#company-hexagon-ab) Wandercraft (#company-wandercraft) Motion & joints Schaeffler (#company-schaeffler) Synapticon (#company-synapticon) SKF (#company-skf) maxon · Switzerland (#company-maxon) Manufacturing & compute Bosch (#company-bosch) NEURA × SECO (#company-seco) Magnet materials Solvay (#company-solvay) Neo Performance Materials (#company-neo-performance-materials) Component orders & manufacturing Component orders (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators) Schaeffler humanoid order book Schaeffler reported a €350 million humanoid order book at June 2026 across three OEMs and seven products. Management identified XPENG and two unnamed US customers, with production starts in 2026 or Q1 2027. Its calculation reduced customer volume assumptions by at least 50%. Sources Company order-book calculation; the disclosed total excludes launches under the NEURA, Humanoid and Hexagon partnerships. Schaeffler · Q2 earnings call, pp. 18–19 and 31–32 (https://www.schaeffler.com/remotemedien/media/_shared_media_rwd/08_investor_relations/presentations/2026_q2_h1_schaeffler_conference_call_presentation_transcript.pdf#page=18) · 2026-08-05Company-reported order book Component details → Actuator contracts (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators) Schaeffler–Humanoid actuator agreement UK-based Humanoid signed a five-year actuator agreement with Schaeffler covering more than 50% of joint-actuator demand for its wheeled platforms through 2031. Expected supply is in seven-digit unit volumes. The component contract accompanies a separate phased deployment of robots at Schaeffler factories. Sources The seven-digit quantity is expected supply over the agreement, not completed deliveries or annual capacity. The separate robot deployment agreement has its own schedule and unit count. Humanoid · phased deployment and supply agreement (https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-secures-landmark-deal-with-schaeffler-to-deploy-thousands-of-humanoid-robots/) · 2026-05-13OEM-reported binding supply agreement Component details → Gearbox investment (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=harmonic-reducers) Schaeffler targets formed-gearbox mass production in 2027 Schaeffler has validated formed strain-wave gearboxes for humanoids and plans mass production from 2027, starting in Germany. It says forming cuts key component-manufacturing steps from minutes to seconds, manufacturing cost by over 25% and material consumption by over 75% versus conventional machining. The process builds on more than two million formed gearboxes supplied to the automotive sector over ten years. Sources Schaeffler’s cost and material figures compare gearbox manufacturing processes. The company previously supplied more than two million formed gearboxes for automotive applications. Humanoid gearbox production is planned from 2027. Schaeffler · formed strain-wave gearboxes (https://www.schaeffler.com/en/media/press-releases/press-releases-detail.jsp?id=88210241) · 2026-08-13Manufacturer process claims and production plan Component details → Actuator production (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators) Stabilus and Synapticon plan actuator production Stabilus and Synapticon plan small-series joint-actuator production at Stabilus plants in Europe in 2027, followed by high-volume production in North America in 2028. The range runs from head and wrist joints to hips and knees. Stabilus supplies mechanics and manufacturing; Synapticon supplies drives, electronics, sensing and safety software. Sources Company production timetable; individual plants and annual unit capacity are unspecified. Stabilus · Synapticon production agreement (https://ir.stabilus.com/de/news/stabilus-se-und-synapticon-schliessen-strategische-partnerschaft-zur-gemeinsamen-produktion-integrierter-aktuatoren-fuer-humanoide-roboter/724bc562-dc20-4596-a12a-4351842c3b54) · 2026-07-29Manufacturer production plan Component details → Drive-system sourcing (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators) Generative Bionics develops European drive units Generative Bionics and Synapticon are developing drive units combining motors, servo drives, encoders, firmware and functional safety. Final assembly, calibration and safety testing are planned within the European Economic Area, primarily Germany. The agreement also provides for EU-held safety stocks and prequalified European component alternatives. Sources June 2026 development agreement and intended production arrangements. Synapticon · Generative Bionics agreement (https://www.synapticon.com/en/newslist/synapticon-generative-bionics-partnerschaft) · 2026-06-16Manufacturer development and industrialisation agreement Component details → Joint components (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=bearings) SKF commits to humanoid joint manufacturing SKF signed an agreement with Leaderdrive to establish a Chinese venture for precision humanoid joint components, with SKF holding a 60% majority stake. The venture targets the start of operations by the end of 2026. Sources The planned venture targets industrial humanoids in China and selected overseas markets. SKF · Leaderdrive venture announcement (https://news.cision.com/skf/r/skf-and-leaderdrive-form-a-venture-for-precision-components-in-humanoids,c4370057) · 2026-07-02Company-reported investment agreement Component details → Compute supply (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=compute) SECO develops European compute modules for NEURA SECO will design, engineer and manufacture compute modules for NEURA’s cognitive robots, including 4NE1. The modules integrate Qualcomm Dragonwing processors. The modules are to be developed and produced in Europe using a US-designed semiconductor platform. Sources Announced development and industrialisation agreement; module volumes and production-start date are undisclosed. SECO · NEURA compute-module agreement (https://www.seco.com/news/details/neura-robotics-and-seco-join-forces-to-scale-physical-ai-from-europe) · 2026-09-07Company announcement or operating disclosure Component details → Magnet sourcing (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors) Magnet restrictions disrupted motor production maxon reported fluctuating production utilisation during China’s 2025 rare-earth-magnet export restrictions. It said the supply situation had eased by June 2026. The Swiss motor group’s disclosure covers its business across applications. Sources The report covers the group across applications, not frameless motors or humanoid output alone. It gives no affected-unit count or basis for assuming an ongoing shortage. maxon · 2025 operating review (https://www.maxongroup.com/en-us/news-and-events/news/new-chair-of-the-board-of-directors-and-stable-fiscal-year-at-maxon-301718) · 2026-06-23Manufacturer operating disclosure Component details → Production equipment European equipment makers cover motor-stator winding, roller-screw nut machining and magnet-alloy powder preparation. GROBWinding & insertion systemsForms motor windings and inserts coils into stators. Equipment configuration follows the winding method and stator geometry. Sources Motor stators · coil formation and insertion Headquarters · Mindelheim, Germany GROB · motor production systems (https://www.grobgroup.com/en/products/product-range/winding-and-inserting-technology/)GROB · company organisation (https://www.grobgroup.com/en/company/compliance/)Coil winding → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors&route=stator&step=winding#industrial-frameless-motors) EMAGRoller-screw nut machiningEMAG’s example combines soft turning, heat treatment, hard machining and internal-thread grinding to finish roller-screw nuts. Sources Linear actuators · finished roller-screw nuts Headquarters · Salach, Germany EMAG · nut production sequence (https://www.emag.com/industries-solutions/workpieces/robotics/nuts-for-planetary-roller-screws/)EMAG · headquarters (https://www.emag.com/contact/)Turning & thread grinding → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=linear-actuation&route=nut-production&step=nutBlank#industrial-linear-actuation) NETZSCHRare-earth alloy jet millsInert-gas jet milling and classification produce fine NdFeB alloy powder with a controlled particle-size distribution. Sources Permanent-magnet motors · NdFeB alloy powder Headquarters · Selb, Germany NETZSCH · rare-earth alloy processing (https://grinding.netzsch.com/en/chemicals-minerals/rare-earth-alloys)NETZSCH · group locations (https://grinding.netzsch.com/en/news/2024/netzsch-vakumix-moves-to-the-airport-city/)Magnet powder preparation → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors&route=magnets&step=powderPreparation#industrial-frameless-motors) SupfinaBearing-raceway finishing machinesSuperfinishing machines improve bearing raceway surfaces after grinding. The finish controls friction, lubrication and wear at the rolling contact. Sources Joint bearings · finished ring raceways Company base · Wolfach, Germany Supfina · bearing production and locations (https://www.supfina.com/us/solutions-us/roller-bearings-us.html)Raceway grinding & finishing → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=bearings&route=depth-ring&step=raceGrinding#industrial-bearings) SatislohPrecision lens grinding & polishingGrinding, polishing and centring machines shape precision lens surfaces. Coating equipment adds the optical layers needed for transmission and reflection. Sources Cameras and lidar · manufactured lenses Company base · Baar, Switzerland Satisloh · precision optics equipment (https://www.satisloh.com/precision-optics/)Lens manufacture → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=cameras&route=depth-lens-build&step=lensGrinding#industrial-cameras) EV GroupWafer bonding & alignment systemsAligned wafer bonding joins sensor layers and seals MEMS structures. Fusion and hybrid bonding also connect layers in stacked image sensors and advanced semiconductor packages. Sources IMUs, image sensors and compute · bonded wafers and device layers Headquarters · St. Florian am Inn, Austria EV Group · wafer bonding technologies and systems (https://www.evgroup.com/products/bonding/)EV Group · global locations (https://www.evgroup.com/company/global-presence/)Wafer bonding → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=inertial-sensing&route=depth-mems-build&step=waferBond#industrial-inertial-sensing) TRUMPFBattery interconnect laser weldingLaser welding joins copper and aluminium cell connectors and battery housings. Joint design and heat input must suit the cell format and conductor thickness. Sources Battery packs · welded electrical connections Company base · Ditzingen, Germany TRUMPF · copper welding for battery connectors and housings (https://www.trumpf.com/en_SG/solutions/applications/laser-welding/welding-copper/)TRUMPF · power-electronics welding (https://www.trumpf.com/filestorage/TRUMPF_Master/Corporate/Newsroom/Press_releases/2025_26/LT/20260421-PR-TRUMPF-power-electronics/20260421-PR-TRUMPF-power-electronics-EN.pdf)Cell interconnects → (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=batteries&route=pack&step=connections#industrial-batteries) Magnet and material investment Rare-earth permanent magnets provide the rotor field in compact joint motors. Neodymium-based magnets deliver high magnetic strength in a small volume; dysprosium or terbium additions improve resistance to demagnetisation at higher temperatures. Motor production therefore depends on separated oxides, metal and alloy conversion, and finished magnet capacity. The IEA identifies magnet manufacturing and conversion of oxides into metals as major bottlenecks in expanding supply outside China. Sources Magnet composition varies by grade; heavy-rare-earth-free grades are also in production. VAC · humanoid motor materials (https://vacuumschmelze.eu/markets/humanoid-robotics)Magnet manufacturer technical documentation and IEA supply-chain assessment VAC · permanent-magnet materials, March 2026 (https://vacuumschmelze.com/03_Documents/Brochures/Product%20Information%20VACODYM-VACOMAX%20en.pdf)Magnet manufacturer technical documentation and IEA supply-chain assessment IEA · Rare Earth Elements (https://www.iea.org/reports/rare-earth-elements/executive-summary)Energy agency supply-chain assessment Solvay expands magnet-material separation La Rochelle, France · rare-earth oxides Solvay began producing neodymium-praseodymium oxides for permanent magnets at La Rochelle in 2025. In July 2026 it approved a further €15–20 million for separation capacity and scheduled industrial-scale dysprosium and terbium separation for autumn 2026. An agreement with Viridis proposes Brazilian rare-earth feedstock for the French plant. Sources Operating NdPr oxide line; July update gives the Dy/Tb production target. Solvay · Q2 2026 results (https://www.solvay.com/en/press-release/solvay-second-quarter-2026-results) · 2026-07-29Company investment and production update Solvay · 2025 annual report (https://www.solvay.com/sites/g/files/srpend616/files/2026-03/Solvay_Annual%20Integrated%20Report_2025_0.pdf)Company investment and production update Component market context Neo expands European magnet manufacturing Narva, Estonia · sintered NdFeB magnets Neo reported first commercial sintered-magnet deliveries from Narva, Estonia, to a Tier 1 EV traction-motor customer in September 2026. Phase 1A has about 2,000 tonnes/year of nameplate capacity; a planned expansion to about 5,000 tonnes/year is in engineering and equipment procurement. Sources Neo reported discussions with robotics customers and targeted two to three commercial customer programmes by end-2026. The first programme had entered commercial delivery. Neo Performance Materials · commercial production at Narva (https://www.neomaterials.com/neo-advances-commercial-production-magnet-facility/) · 2026-09-14Company production update and capacity plan Component market context Materials, integration and supply dependencies Rare-earth imports (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors) The EU imported 15,100 tonnes of rare-earth metals and compounds in 2025, up 17.1% from 2024. China supplied 46.8% by weight, Russia 25.9% and Malaysia 23.1%. The trade basket spans metals, intermixtures and compounds used across electronics, motors and other industries.Sources Rare-earth metals, intermixtures and compounds; import shares by weight. Eurostat · EU rare-earth trade in 2025 (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20260629-1) · 2026-06-29Government trade statistics Oxides, alloys and magnets (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=frameless-motors) La Rochelle produces separated rare-earth oxides; Narva manufactures sintered magnets. Between those stages sit conversion to metal and alloy production. Solvay is arranging feedstock from Brazil for its French plant. Narva’s first commercial programme supplies an EV traction-motor Tier 1, with robotics customers in discussion.Sources Distinct processing stages and customer programmes. Solvay · Q2 2026 results (https://www.solvay.com/en/press-release/solvay-second-quarter-2026-results) · 2026-07-29Company investment and production update Neo Performance Materials · commercial production at Narva (https://www.neomaterials.com/neo-advances-commercial-production-magnet-facility/) · 2026-09-14Company production update and capacity plan Customer concentration (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators) Schaeffler’s disclosed series order book spans three OEMs, while its wider development pipeline covers 45 humanoid manufacturers and more than 50 sample orders during 2026.Sources OEMs and sample orders are different counts: several orders can come from one customer. Schaeffler does not allocate these figures to individual actuator, bearing, gearbox or sensor families. Schaeffler · Q2 earnings call, pp. 18–19 (https://www.schaeffler.com/remotemedien/media/_shared_media_rwd/08_investor_relations/presentations/2026_q2_h1_schaeffler_conference_call_presentation_transcript.pdf#page=18) · 2026-08-05Company-reported Explore the landscape Compare regional supply chainsChina, United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea (/markets/humanoid-robotics#regional-supply)Components and suppliersProducts, manufacturing routes and market context (/markets/humanoid-robotics/components?component=integrated-actuators)Humanoid Market FlowDocumented supplier and recipient relationships (/data/supply-chain-intelligence?lens=market&market=humanoid&coverage=core&evidence=reported)